Inside i need the name and xplanantion of the basic elements inside the router..

In simple terms the internals of the router are of little physical interest -- given that I would describe a router as a computer that controls communication traffic. In the case of this specific device it can distribute an incoming internet connections to up to 4 wired devices and numerous wireless devices. Internally the routers programming can be optionally configured (generally using an internet browser). Some of the capablities include the ability to encrypt wireless communications to prevent others from using your internet connection, it can address logon/login requirement should your internet service provider require them and it can limit access to specified MAC addresses assigned to your network cards (also preventing unauthorized access). Again physically what is inside a router is of little interest to me as the changes I consider necessary are all accessible from a web browser without physically getting inside of the router.